Freshwater Fish For Sale

FRESHWATER FISH Tropheus moorii The moorii seeks out rocky zones with clear water and a supply of algae, and so requires supplements of vegetable material in captivity. The males will fight for territory. The female incubates the eggs in her mouth; as they are larger than those of other species, she can only hold a small number, around 20 at most. The coloration of juveniles differs from that of adult fish, which, in any case, varies - as does the exact shape - according to their original habitat. Size: 12 cm. Tropheus duboisi The blue-faced duboisi juveniles are black with a scattering of white spots which disappear when the fish reach the adult stage, leaving a transverse white band halfway along the body. T. duboisi breeds in an identical manner to T. moorii. Size: 12 cm. Cichlidae: Lake Malawi species There are reckoned to be more than 200 species living in this lake, almost all endemic. The habitat consists of rocky zones with hiding places and shelters, surrounded by clear, shallow, and well-lit water. The Cichlids feed on the algae encrusting the rocks - practically the only vegetation present. These fish require a fairly large tank (200-300 liters minimum for small species, 400-500 liters for the largest) fitted with a powerful filtration system. Rocks will form the main decor, but ensure the arrangement is stable, otherwise the more boisterous specimens will dislodge it. The water must be distinctly alkaline, with a minimum pH of 7.5 - even 8 and over - and fairly hard: 5.6-8.4 GH (100-150 ppm). Cichlids are very fond of live or fresh prey, but they will accept granulated artificial foods. Most species are mouthbrooders. Until the last few years, a certain number of species were grouped within the genus Haplochromis. Scientists have now redistributed these across a variety of genera; however, the term “hap” (i.e. Haplochromine) is still commonly used as a catch-all designation for these endemic, mouthbrooding Cichlids. Aulonocara nyassae The Nyassa peacock is only aggressive towards conspecifics and until a hierarchy establishes itself among the males. It requires a tank large enough for unrestricted swimming, with rockwork and a sandy substrate. After laying her eggs on a stone, the female incubates them in her mouth, where even free-swimming fry will retreat if threatened. There are several varieties of A. nyassae, some of which could well be different species. Size: 12 cm. Copadichromis boadzulu On reaching 1-2 cm, fry of this species join groups controlled by a dominant male. The female incubates 30-50 eggs in her mouth for around 3 weeks. Size: 12 cm.
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CICHLIDAE: LAKE TANGANYIKA SPECIES Though not particularly aggressive, N. sexfasciatus should not share a tank with smaller species. The female lays her eggs in a shelter, on the underside of the roof, with the fry not emerging till a week or so later. Size: 8-10 cm. Neolamprologus tetracanthus The tetracanthus is a Cichlid which is likely to bully smaller species. It is fond of sandy areas furnished with plants - beds of Vallisneria for instance. It makes a tiny cave at the base of a rock by burrowing away the sand; the female then fixes her eggs (100-150) to the roof. Size: 1 5-18 cm. Neolamprologus leleupi Rather aggressive, this is a solitary dweller. The female of the lemon cichlid lays some 200 eggs in a cave hollowed out under a rock, with the fry hatching in 3 days and swimming freely a week later. Size: 8-10 cm. THE SHELL-SQUATTER Neolamprologus brevis (the dwarf shell-dweller) is a shy, even timid species. It spawns in the empty shell of Neothauma, a snail which shares its habitat. When the fry grow to about 2 cm they seek out shells of their own. In the aquarium, you will need to provide a fine sand substrate, which you should then scatter with different-sized snail shells (edible or marine species) placed with the opening upwards. This is not an easy species of Cichlid to obtain. Size: 5 cm. Neolamprologus tretocephalus The five-barred cichlid is belligerent and territorial, thriving, like all species of Neolamprologus, in tanks where there is aquarium fish for sale abundant rockwork and the water is changed regularly. The female lays 200-300 eggs in a cave. Size: 10 cm. Telmatochromis bifrenatus The striped telmat is distinguishable from its cousin T. bhchardi by the presence of an extra longitudinal stripe, but sharing a virtually identical lifestyle; the female, for example, also lays in a narrow cavity. Size: 8 cm. Telmatochromis brichardi A small, gregarious species dwelling in rock zones. The female lays her eggs in a very small cave guarded by the male; the fry take several days to emerge. Its favorite food consists of live prey. Size: 8 cm.
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Julidochromis dickfeldi Dickfeld’s julie can be distinguished by its background coloration, often darker than that of its cousins, and by the blue border on the fins. Size: 8 cm. Julidochromis regani One of the largest julies, the striped julie or convict julie can grow to 15 cm; other species usually measure 7-9 cm. The English name derives from the four longitudinal bands. Julidochromis transcriptus The three bands of the masked julie are linked by black smudges. Like other julies, J. transcriptus is rarely available commercially. Size: 8 cm. AN AFRICAN CICHLID FOR THE BEGINNER The behavior of Neolamprologus brichardi (lyretail lamprologus) makes it an ideal starter fish. It lives in shoals and is gregarious, save at spawning time, when it becomes territorial. The eggs are laid on the roof of a cave which the parent fish will hollow out, sometimes under a rock. The female cares for the eggs while the male stands guard over the nest; the fry are free-swimming some 8 days after hatching. The female can give birth again after 1 month; consequently, you may find several generations of brothers, sisters, and male and female cousins all living together. The male looks after the older ones while the female tends the youngsters. When they tropical fish for sale are a few centimeters long, even the fry join in defending the territory. In the wild, these species feed mainly on algae and plankton, but in captivity will take small live prey. Size: 10 cm. Julidochromis marlieri Marlier’s julie is remarkable for its brown-and-white checkerboard patterning. Size: 10-12 cm. Julidochromis ornatus Males and females of the ornate julie pair-bond in a permanent, sedate relationship, even when not spawning. They seek out areas of rock with hiding places and shelters where they can reproduce. Several hundred eggs are attached to the roof of the spawning site; the female tends them while the male defends the territory. The fry are free-swimming after 8-10 days, under the watchful eyes of the adults. J. ornatus has three longitudinal bands on a light background. Size: 8 cm.
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CICHLIDAE - Geophagus brasiliensis The pearl cichlid can exceed 20 cm in length and is highly teritorial; it is essential to keep it in a large tank with similar-sized species. Tolerates water with average pH and hardness levels, but you will need to carry out regular changes. Uaru amphiacanthoides Rather slow and timid for its size, the triangle cichlid is more active at spawning time, when both parents guard and fan the 300 eggs. Care of this species demands a tank with a minimum capacity of 400-500 liters filled with soft, acidic water. Size: 25-30 cm. Geophagus steindachneri The redhump geophagus is a placid species which loves to burrow in the sand. After laying, the female gathers the eggs in her mouth, whence the fry emerge in 2-3 weeks, though they will dart back inside when frightened. Size: 20 cm. CICHLIDAE: AFRICAN SPECIES In view of their size and behavior, most of the African species require a tank of some considerable size, powerful filtration, and few plants - the latter are in any case quite rare in the natural habitats. The water should be distinctly alkaline (pH between 7.5 and 8, even higher for certain species) and hard. The best form of decor is an imitation scree offering plenty of hiding places; for the majority of species, you will also need to keep areas clear for swimming, though some prefer sandy zones. You can usually tell the males apart by their coloration. A large number of species practice mouthbrooding; the rest spawn in a cave or on a suitable surface. Many of the Cichlids found in East African lakes are endemic, in other words, unique to the locality. The existence of localized freshwater fish for sale populations sometimes gives rise to several strains of the same species, which are distinguishable by coloration. Lake Tanganyika Cichlids Some 80-90% of Cichlids found in this lake are endemic; certain species practice mouthbrooding, the rest are substrate-spawners, i.e. lay eggs on a suitable surface or support. Some of the smaller species shelter in the empty shells of Neothauma, an aquatic gastropod. Cyphotilapia frontosa The frontosa demands an aquarium containing a minimum of 400-500 liters, with a decor of rockwork. It feeds on quite large prey such as mussels or prawns. The adult males can be recognized by their bulging foreheads. Females are mouthbrooders. Size: 30 cm. Nannacara anomala The modest-sized golden dwarf cichlid likes soft, acidic conditions. The female lays her eggs on a stone in a quiet place and then guards them, even against the male. Size: 8 cm.
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FRESHWATER FISH Other American species There are still more American members of this family. Some of the smaller ones are deservedly popular on account of their coloration and behavior, while others are giants requiring an aquarium of commensurate size. Aequidens maroni The keyhole cichlid is tranquil, even timid, and needs a wellplanted tank with hiding places. Its breeding behavior is similar to that of Aequidens curviceps, though producing fewer eggs. Size: 12 cm. Aequidens curviceps The flag cichlid, not to be confused with Mesonauta festivus, which shares its English name, is a small species from the Amazonian basin, and peaceful enough except at spawning time. The female deposits up to 1,000 eggs on a suitable surface; both parent fish then keep guard. The fry cling to their support by means of a substance secreted from glands on the head; when they become free-swimming feed them on Artemia nauplii. Size: 8 cm. Papiliochromis ramirezi Ramirez’s dwarf cichlid is sensitive to water quality, so you will need to carry out regular, partial changes; it also prefers well-planted aquariums with plenty of hiding places. The female lays between 300 and 400 eggs on a flat stone. There is also a golden (xanthochromic) variety of this species, arrived at by artificial selection. Size: 6 cm. Aequidens pulcher The blue acara is a territorial species and can be aggressive. The female lays 200-500 eggs on a flat stone. Size: 15 cm. Apistogramma agassizii Tranquil and peaceable, Agassiz’s dwarf cichlid demands regular water changes. The female cleans a solid support before laying up to 300 eggs. Size: 7 cm. Astronotus ocellatus The oscar grows to 30 cm and has a bad reputation for wrecking the decor. Or, less uncharitably, freshwater fish for sale it has plenty of character, and doesn’t bother too much about the plants as it barges about. The answer is to use a very large tank (several hundred liters) and tough, well-anchored vegetation. Bronze and gold varieties of oscar have been evolved by artificial selection. Apistogramma cacatuoides Males of the cockatoo dwarf cichlid are mutually antagonistic. The female deposits her eggs on the roof of a natural cave or an artificial retreat such as a plant pot or piece of PVC pipe. She then keeps guard over them, driving off all intruders. The fry swim 5-7 days after hatching. Size: 7 cm.
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Discus A native of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, the discus is often considered the most beautiful and regal of all freshwater fish. It lives in calm, clear waters with soft and acidic properties. Tranquil and peaceable, the discus is a leisurely swimmer, exhibiting stress reactions in the presence of livelier species. The best tankmates for it are Characins, species of Corydoras and Apistogramma or the various angelfish. A large aquarium is necessary: allow 10 liters per adult, using a decor of suitably prepared bogwood, roots, and plants. Keep the temperature above 26 C and make regular partial water changes. Vary the diet, which should consist mainly of live or fresh prey. Breeding, considered extremely difficult, depends to a large extent on water quality: acidic, Symphysodon discus discus The Heckel discus has only three dark transverse bands. Unlike its cousins - the subspecies and varieties of S. aequifasciatus, which are mainly raised in captivity - the Heckel discus is usually procured from the wild. Tens of thousands of fish of these species are exported every year; there is little data concerning the nfluence of these culls on the natural population, but these Cichlids do not appear to be endangered. As a matter of nterest, the Heckel forms a modest food resource, on a very localized basis, for certain native populations. Size: 10-15 cm. with a pH of 6, or even slightly less; very soft, using peat filtration; temperature must be consistently maintained at 28 C. It is not easy to sex discus, but the adults pair off naturally into breeding couples. The female lays her eggs (up to 200) on a vertical support (PVC pipe, plant pot, aquarium glass), with hatching following in about three days; the fry remain attached by their heads and only start swimming two or three days later, under the supervision of the parent fish. The most extraordinary feature of these fry is that they derive nourishment from a mucus secreted from the parents’ bodies - a virtually unique phenomenon in the entire fish world. Deprived of this critical feeding stage, they will not survive in the aquarium for very long. Ultimately they can be fed on Artemia nauplii. Symphysodon aequifasciata Brown variety. Size: 10-15 cm. Symphysodon aequifasciata Breeding pair. Size: 10-15 cm. Symphysodon aequifasciata The black stripes vary in intensity according to mood and behavior. Size: 10-15 cm. Symphysodon discus discus (three transverse bands; central band always visible) Symphysodon aequifasciata (nine transverse bands; visibility varies) Symphysodon aequifasciata There are several freshwater fish for sale natural varieties of discus, technically known as subspecies: - brown, basically brown, with blue streaks on head - green, with a lighter body and blue-green belly; the head and upper back show blue, wavy stripes - blue, much of whose body, especially the finnage, is covered with blue streaks. Three other strains of discus have been bred selectively: - red, which has a red back and belly; the pelvic fins are black, as opposed to red in other varieties - royal blue, blue body with brownish-red streaks - azure, a newcomer to the market, and apparently very hard to breed. Size: 10-15 cm.
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FRESHWATER FISH Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum The convict cichlid is a territorial fish which you will often find playing bulldozers in your aquarium! It is best therefore to avoid plants or delicately positioned rockwork. Selective breeding has gradually evolved a xanthochromic (golden) variety, which is just as belligerent. Both strains can interbreed with the redheaded cichlid, but the hybrids inherit the convict’s behavior patterns. Size: 15-20 cm. Cichlasoma synspilum Despite its considerable size, the redheaded cichlid is fairly well behaved with other species, provided they respect its territory. Obviously, it requires huge amounts of space, but spawns easily, with the female capable of producing 800 eggs. Size: 30 cm. Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum Xanthochromic variety. Heros severum A native of the Amazon basin, the severum thrives in soft, acidic conditions. Relatively tranquil except during spawning, it is one of the least prolific species of Cichlid, with the female laying only a hundred or so eggs in a clutch. Size: 20 cm. Angelfish Angels are the most well-known and popular of all the Cichlids. Their original habitats are the soft, acidic watercourses of the Amazon basin; they need an aquarium with a great deal of space, including depth, where they can swim without restriction. Plants, however, are also essential to form refuges. Angels are peaceful species - except during spawning - and you can keep them with Characins and Corydoras species in a regional South American tank. You should not, on the other hand, introduce smaller species, which the angels are likely to regard as prey. Angels will accept manufactured foods, but they delight in small, live prey, which is the best option. Both parent fish are involved in caring for their young. The female deposits her Pterophyllum scalare Currently bred both in Europe and Asia, a long way from its native waters, the angelfish exists in a large number of varieties classified according to the amount and intensity of black coloration. Further, there are veil forms of practically every variety, sporting fins that are distinctly longer than normal. Size: 10-15 cm. sticky eggs on broad-leafed plants (especially those of the genus Echinodorus) or on PVC pipe placed in the tank. She will sometimes choose other, surprising sites, such as the aquarium glass or the heating equipment! The male then joins the female in guarding the eggs and fanning them; hatching takes place in 1-2 days. Sometimes, especially with the first clutch, the parents fail to fulfil their role and ignore the eggs; remove the adults, and imitate their nursing behavior by positioning an airstone or diffuser near the nest: this will stir the water and aerate the eggs. The fry, which do not freshwater fish for sale resemble the adults, start to feed on Artemia nauplii a few days after hatching. Whether breeding is successful or not, both the parent fish are able to mate again soon afterwards. Pterophyllum altum The deep angelfish is caught in its natural habitat, and so is rarer and more expensive to buy. It is distinguished from its cousin by the sharp indentation just above eye level. Its care is not quite so straightforward; the quality of the water must be just right. Size: 1 5 cm.
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Mesonauta festivus (Old genus name Cichlasoma) Unlike other Cichlids, the flag cichlid - sometimes called the festive cichlid, and not to be confused with the other flag cichlid, Aequidens curviceps - lays its eggs on vertical surfaces, while the larvae are subsequently attached to another support by the parents. A temperamental fish: keep it separate from smaller species. Size: 20 cm. Cichlasoma labiatum Easily distinguishable from related species by its large, blubbery lips, this species is commonly known as the red devil, and is aggressively territorial. It is best to freshwater fish for sale separate the parent fish from the young after hatching. It is easy to mistake the fast-growing juveniles for the golden cichlid. Size: 20-25 cm. Cichlasoma nicaraguense The males of the spilotum grow up to 25 cm in length, but the females are distinctly smaller, and display brighter coloration during spawning. The eggs are not adhesive - a rarity among Cichlids - and are deposited at the bottom of a nursery pit dug into the aquarium bed. Cichlasoma octofasciatum For a long time sold commercially under the name C. biocellatum, the Jack Dempsey (named after the boxer) is properly called C. octofasciatum. A bad character, this, and likely to savage the decor! On the plus side, it spawns prolifically, producing 500-800 eggs. A’n interesting subject for the more experienced aquarist moving on to Cichlids. Size: 20-25 cm. Thorichthys meeki (Old genus name Cichlasoma) To intimidate other fish, T. meeki enlarges its opercles (gill-covers), deploying its brilliant red throat membrane, which has earned it the common name of firemouth cichlid. Despite its small size, it is actually quite belligerent. The dorsal and anal fins of the male are more pointed. The female lays up to 1,000 eggs, which hatch in 48 hours; the fry are free-swimming 4 days later. Size: 10-15 cm. A CICHLASOMA FOR THE BEGINNER Cichlasoma bimaculatum, the two-spot cichlid, has a fairly calm temperament and is a good subject for the hobbyist wishing to gain experience with Cichlids. Its relatively modest size (15 cm maximum) means it can be kept in a 200- liter tank with slightly smaller fish such as some of the Characins. The water should be soft and acidic. The female lays up to 200 eggs, and the fry grow rapidly.
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In general these prefer slightly acidic, soft conditions, and sometimes appear sensitive to any change in water quality. The aquarium (300-400 liters minimum for the largest species) must be equipped with hiding places and an efficient filtration system. Feeding is no problem: these fish particularly appreciate live prey and fresh foods. They deposit their eggs on a suitable surface: existing sites are usually sufficient. The exceptions to the rule are the mouthbrooders. The genus Cichlasoma The genus Cichlasoma originates from Central and South America. These fish are considered as potentially aggressive, especially during spawning, though some species remain reasonably peacable. Because of their temperament and their size, it is important to keep them in large tanks: 200 liters for the smaller species and at least 400 liters for the largest. The decor should consist of rockwork and sturdy plants. These fish are omnivorous; there is no problem keeping them in captivity, but be aware that they are quite voracious. In general, the female is smaller than the male. She lays her eggs on a rigid surface which she has previously mouthed clean; the male then fertilizes them. After some 2 days incubation, they are carried to nursery pits hollowed out of the sand to encourage them to hatch. The hatchlings remain there for a few days, while the male defends the territory. Cichlasoma citrinellum The Midas cichlid is rather aggressive, requiring a sizable tank: at least 500 liters. The golden yellow coloration is less common in the wild, where most specimens are more or less gray. Size: 30-35 cm. Cichlasoma crassum Quite timid and tranquil, despite reaching up to 30 cm in length, the Chocolate cichlid can be recognized by its bulbous forehead. A native of the Amazon basin, requiring soft, acidic conditions and a large tank.
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Cichlids have acquired a none-too-flattering reputation for trouble - persistently quarreling with other (and their own) species and wrecking the decor. But this is not always the case. There are more than 1,500 species (related to the European perch), which throng the freshwater areas of America, Africa, and, to a lesser extent, Asia. Often quite large and powerful-looking, these toothed carnivores are voracious feeders. Their anatomical characteristic is the single, elongate dorsal fin. Some species possess a distinct personality and are decidedly temperamental; basically lively and boisterous, they can become quite belligerent, at least under certain circumstances, such as during spawning or in defense of territory. The breeding habits of Cichlids vary. One particularly interesting technique is mouthbrooding: the female shelters the eggs and fry in her buccal cavity, affording them a greater chance of survival.
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